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Semi-presidentialism is a system of government in which a president exists along with a prime minister and a Cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of a state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected head of state who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead, and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the German Weimar Republic (1919–1933) exemplified an early semi-presidential system, the term "semi-presidential" originated in a 1978 work by political scientist Maurice Duverger to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958), which Duverger dubbed a ''régime semi-présidentiel''.〔Bahro, Bayerlein, and Veser, 1998.〕 ==Subtypes== There are two separate subtypes of semi-presidentialism: premier-presidentialism and president-parliamentarism. Under the premier-presidentialism system, the prime minister and cabinet are exclusively accountable to parliament. The president chooses the prime minister and cabinet, but only parliament may remove them from office with a ''vote of no confidence''. The president does ''not'' have the right to dismiss the prime minister or the cabinet. This subtype is used in Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Romania, Poland, Georgia (from 2013), Niger, Madagascar and Ukraine after 2005. Under the president-parliamentarism system, the prime minister and cabinet are dually accountable to the president and the assembly majority. The president chooses the prime minister and the cabinet but must have the support of the parliament majority for his choice. In order to remove a prime minister or the whole cabinet from power, the president can dismiss them or the assembly can remove them via a ''vote of no confidence''. This form of semi-presidentialism is much closer to pure presidentialism and is used in France,〔Le petit Larousse 2013 p880〕 Portugal, Taiwan, Russia, Armenia, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Georgia between 2004 and 2013, and Ukraine between 1996 and 2005. It was used in Germany during the ''Weimarer Republik'' (Weimar Republic), as the constitutional regime between 1919 and 1933 is called unofficially. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Semi-presidential system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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